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纳米粒子的聚集是热力学自发过程。任何微粒之间都有相互吸引以减小表面积的趋势，而它的逆过程是熵值减小的，必须在外界给予足够能量的情况下才能发生。如果是在聚集后加入保护剂，而没有其他给予能量的因素的话，仅仅在理论上就无法实现。再说到金纳米粒子，单质组成的纳米结构在团聚之后 团聚结构内部粒子相互接触的部分必定会发生原子的重排，随着时间的增加会有足够多的原子键形成，最后成为体相结构。
纳米材料的团聚包括软团聚和硬团聚，硬团聚是有氢键，软团聚没有。软团聚主要是由于颗粒间的范德华力和库仑力所致，该团聚可以通过一些化学的作用或施加机械能的方式来消除。粉末的硬团聚体内除了颗粒之间的范德华力和库仑力外，还存在化学键作用。颗粒表面会吸附电荷形成双电层，颗粒间就存在静电斥力，这个斥力会与范德华力平衡，使胶粒稳定不团聚。
能量的角度而言，纳米粒子是不稳定的，趋向于形成聚集体，所以必须给它吸附带电荷的离子，让它通过相互排斥稳定存在于溶液中，不至于沉淀。团聚－再分散，取决于稳定剂与纳米粒子的作用，如果稳定剂的稳定作用是基于静电相互作用，比如柠檬酸钠，那么如果团聚了，是不可能再重新分散了，如果稳定剂的稳定作用有强烈的空间位阻效应，如聚合物，或者稳定剂与纳米粒子有强烈的作用，如硫醇与金，那么重新分散还是可行的。磁性纳米颗粒可以通过表面包覆SiO2，PVP，PEG等聚合物，使其形成核壳结构，不容易团聚。纳米金则通过柠檬酸修饰，使纳米粒子表面有带负电荷的柠檬酸根离子，颗粒之间的静电斥力使纳米金粒子稳定不团聚。
西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司的磁性纳米颗粒种类划分
瑞禧生物-Magnetic Nanoparticles磁性纳米颗粒分类：
Magnetic Nanoparticles普通磁性纳米颗粒
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子
oleic acid coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles油酸包裹的磁性纳米颗粒
SiO2 coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles二氧化硅包裹的磁性纳米粒子产品
BSA coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 牛血清白蛋白包裹的磁性纳米颗粒
PLL coated Fe3O4 Magnetic nanoparticles多聚赖氨酸包裹的四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒
PEI coated Fe3O4 Magnetic nanoparticles聚乙烯亚胺包裹的四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒
PLGA/PCL/PLA coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 生物降解材料包裹磁性纳米颗粒
Adriamycin coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 阿霉素包裹磁性纳米颗粒
magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles（M-MSNs）介孔二氧化硅磁性纳米颗粒（可修饰荧光分子和NH2/COOH功能基团）
PEG Fe3O4 Magnetic nanoparticles （PEG末端连NH2,N3,MAL, Biotin，COOH等等）
Anti-Fe3O4 Magnetic nanoparticles 抗体交联磁性纳米颗粒
表面基团功能化Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子（基团有NH2,COOH,OH,MAL,Biotin等等）
Fluorescent labeled Magnetic Nanoparticles荧光标记磁性纳米颗粒（FITC,RB,CY3,CY5）
Bioconjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles生物蛋白磁性纳米颗粒（Concanavilin A Transferrin
Protein A，Protein G，Folic Acid，RGD，半乳糖，葡聚糖、Streptavidin、Lysozyme、Hylauronic acid、Insulin、Chitosan）
四氧化三铁磁性纳米微球Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres
功能化四氧化三铁磁性纳米微球Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres
Magnetic Nanoparticles磁性纳米颗粒系列产品总目录：
Magnetic Nanoparticles普通磁性纳米颗粒列表：
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
15 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
25 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
30 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
35 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
40 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
50 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
60 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
70 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
80 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
90 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
100 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
SiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles二氧化硅包裹的磁性纳米粒子产品列表：
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
15 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
25 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
30 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
35 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
40 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
50 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
60 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
70 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
80 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
90 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
100 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with SiO2 coating in Ethanol/water 5mg/ml 1ml 5ml 10ml
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子列表：
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in chloroform,10 mg, 1 mL (10 mg/mL, Fe)
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in chloroform,10 mg, 1 mL (10 mg/mL, Fe)
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oleic acid coating in chloroform,10 mg, 1 mL (10 mg/mL, Fe)
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Oligo-PEG-Dopa oligomer coating, in water 1ml 5 mg/mL
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Oligo-PEG-Dopa oligomer coating, in water 1ml 5 mg/mL
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Oligo-PEG-Dopa oligomer coating, in water 1ml 5 mg/mL
PEG功能化交联Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles产品列表：
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-COOH in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-COOH in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-COOH in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-NH2 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-NH2 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-NH2 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-N3 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-N3 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-N3 in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
5 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-Biotin in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-Biotin in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
20 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-Catechol-PEG400-Biotin in water 2 mL (5 mg/mL, Fe)
功能化Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子列表：
10 nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles-polylysine (magnetite,Fe2O3) Surface: polylysine 2.5ml 1mg/ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-PEI (magnetite,Fe3O4) Surface: PEI 2.5ml 1mg/ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-oleic acid (magnetite,Fe3O4) Surface:oleic acid 2.5ml 1mg/ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-COOH 2.5ml 4mg/ml
10 nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles-COOH 2.5ml 4mg/ml
10 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles-NH2 2.5ml 4mg/ml
10 nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles-NH2 2.5ml 4mg/ml
功能化磁性纳米颗粒Magnetic Nanoparticles产品列表：
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Amine Functional 25~30 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Amine Functional 100~200 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Amine Functional 350~400 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Carboxyl Functional 25~30 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Carboxyl Functional 100~200 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Carboxyl Functional 350~400 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Biotin Functional 25~30 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Biotin Functional 100~200 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Biotin Functional 350~400 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Hydroxyl Functional 25~30 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Hydroxyl Functional 100~200 nm 1 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Hydroxyl Functional 350~400 nm 1 mL
Fluorescent labeled Magnetic Nanoparticles荧光标记磁性纳米颗粒产品列表：
Magnetic Nanoparticles, FITC (Fluorescein) Labeled 20~30 nm 0.5 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Rhodamine B Labeled 20~30 nm 0.5 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Cy3 Labeled 20~30 nm 0.5 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Cy5 Labeled 20~30 nm 0.5 mL
Magnetic Nanoparticles, Cy5.5 Labeled 20~30 nm 0.5 mL
Bioconjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles生物蛋白磁性纳米颗粒产品列表：
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Concanavilin A Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Transferrin Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Protein A Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Protein G Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, RGD Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, 半乳糖Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, 葡聚糖Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Streptavidin Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Lysozyme Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Hylauronic acid Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Insulin Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Chitosan Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, BSA Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, PLL Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, PEI Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Adriamycin Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 mL
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles, Anti Labeled 25~30 nm 0.5 ml
magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles（M-MSNs）介孔二氧化硅磁性纳米颗粒产列表：
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 30nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 40nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 50nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 60nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Amine Functional 30nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Amine Functional 40nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Amine Functional 50nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Amine Functional 60nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles COOH Functional 30nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles COOH Functional 40nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles COOH Functional 50nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles COOH Functional 60nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles FITC Labeled 30nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles FITC Labeled 40nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles FITC Labeled 50nm 5mg/ml 1ml
mesoporous silica coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles FITC Labeled 60nm 5mg/ml 1ml
四氧化三铁磁性纳米微球Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres产品列表：
R-N-0089 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 100-200 nm 表面基团:-NH2
R-N-0090 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 200-300 nm 表面基团:-NH2
R-N-0091 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 300-400 nm 表面基团:-NH2
R-N-0092 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 400-500 nm 表面基团:-NH2
R-N-0093 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 500-600 nm 表面基团:-NH2
R-N-0094 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 100-200 nm 表面基团:-COOH
R-N-0095 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 200-300 nm 表面基团:-COOH
R-N-0096 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 300-400 nm 表面基团:-COOH
R-N-0097 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 400-500 nm 表面基团:-COOH
R-N-0098 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 500-600 nm 表面基团:-COOH
R-N-0099 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 100-200 nm 表面基团:- Epoxy
R-N-0100 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 200-300 nm 表面基团:- Epoxy
R-N-0101 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 300-400 nm 表面基团:- Epoxy
R-N-0102 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 400-500 nm 表面基团:- Epoxy
R-N-0103 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 500-600 nm 表面基团:- Epoxy
R-N-0104 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 100-200 nm 表面基团:- SiOH
R-N-0105 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 200-300 nm 表面基团:- SiOH
R-N-0106 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 300-400 nm 表面基团:- SiOH
R-N-0107 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 400-500 nm 表面基团:- SiOH
R-N-0108 Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres 500-600 nm 表面基团:- SiOH
功能化四氧化三铁磁性纳米微球Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres产品列表：
Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres Composition: Fe3O4 Surface: COOH 2.5um 5ml
Fluorescent Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres-COOH 435-455nm 2.5um 1ml
Fluorescent Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres-COOH 510-525nm 2.5um 1ml
Fluorescent Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres-COOH 560-575nm 2.5um 1ml
Fluorescent Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres-COOH 615-630nm 2.5um 1ml
Fluorescent Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres-COOH 650-665nm 2.5um 1ml
西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司可以提供系列纳米试剂产品：
1.纳米金粒子产品Gold nanoparticles及其功能化衍生试剂-常规浓度0.1mg/ml
? Gold Nanoparticles, 0.01% Au普通的纳米金 粒径从2-200nm不等
? 功能化基团的纳米金，基团包括NH2，MAL，COOH，Biotin，NHS等
? 亲和素和链酶亲和素包裹的纳米金Gold Nanoparticles Streptavidin/Neutravidin
? 蛋白包裹纳米金产品 包裹的蛋白包括有Protein A、Galactose、Transferrin、BAS、Dextran
? 抗体连接的纳米金产品 有羊抗人IgG/羊抗鼠IgG/IgA/IgM等
? 荧光素标记的纳米金 荧光素包括有FITC RB CY3 CY5 纳米金粒径15-50nm
? 短链PEG耦合的纳米金衍生物，PEG分子量400和500，末端基团NH2 COOH N3 BIO
? 长链PEG耦合的纳米金衍生物，PEG分子量5000，末端基团NH2 COOH Biotin
? 介孔二氧化硅包裹纳米金粒子
2. Silver Nanoparticles银纳米产品及其衍生试剂：
? Spherical Silver Nanoparticle普通球形银纳米粒子 粒径从10-100nm不等
? Anti Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates抗体银纳米粒子交联
? Protein A Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates 蛋白银纳米粒子交联产品
? PEG Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates聚乙二醇银纳米粒子交联产品
3.磁性纳米颗粒及其相关产品，超顺磁性纳米颗粒
? 油酸包裹四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒溶在有机溶剂中-脂溶性的产品
? 水溶性的磁性纳米颗粒无包裹 分散在水中
? 二氧化硅包裹的磁性纳米颗粒
? BSA coated Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
? PLL coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles
? PEI coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles
? PLGA/PCL/PLA coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 生物降解材料包裹磁性纳米颗粒
? 介孔二氧化硅磁性纳米颗粒
? PEG和磁性纳米颗粒交联的产品
? 功能化磁性纳米颗粒Magnetic Nanoparticles
? Fluorescent labeled Magnetic Nanoparticles荧光标记磁性纳米颗粒
? Bioconjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles生物蛋白磁性纳米颗粒
? Anti-Magnetic Nanoparticles 磁性纳米颗粒连抗体
? 氧化三铁磁性纳米微球Fe3O4 Magnetic Microspheres
4. Polystyrene Beads聚苯乙烯微球
? Polystyrene Beads常规聚苯乙烯微球
? 功能化聚苯乙烯微球Fucntional Polystyrene Beads
? Fluorescent Polystyrene Beads荧光聚苯乙烯微球
? PLGA Beads聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球
? PMMA Beads聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球
? Gold Nanorods金纳米棒及其功能化产品
? Functional Agarose Beads功能性琼脂糖珠产品
? Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes纳米管及功能性纳米管产品
? Fluorescent Quantum Dots荧光量子点产品
西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司
电话：029-86354885
