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1. Adam RM'' Eaton SH'' Estrada C'' Nimgaonkar A'' Shih SC'' Smith LE'' Kohane IS'' Bagli D'' Freeman MR. Mechanical stretch is a highly selective regulator of gene expression in human bladder smooth muscle cells. Physiol Genomics 20(1):36-44'' 2004.
2. Adam RM'' Roth JA'' Cheng HL'' Rice DC'' Khoury J'' Bauer SB'' Peters CA'' Freeman MR. Signaling through PI3K/Akt mediates stretch and PDGF-BB-dependent DNA synthesis in bladder smooth muscle cells. J Urol 169(6):2388-2393'' 2003.
3. Aitken KJ'' Block G'' Lorenzo A'' Herz D'' Sabha N'' Dessouki O'' Fung F'' Szybowska M'' Craig L'' Bagli DJ. Mechanotransduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in smooth muscle is dependent on the extracellular matrix and regulated by matrix metalloproteinases. Am J Pathol 169(2):459-470'' 2006.
4. Aitken KJ'' Tolg C'' Panchal T'' Leslie B'' Yu J'' Elkelini M'' Sabha N'' Tse DJ'' Lorenzo AJ'' Hassouna M'' Bägli DJ. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) induces proliferation and de-differentiation responses to three coordinate pathophysiologic stimuli (mechanical strain'' hypoxia'' and extracellular matrix remodeling) in rat bladder smooth muscle. Am J Pathol 176(1):304-319'' 2010. Epub 2009 Dec 17.
5. Chaqour B'' Yang R'' Sha Q. Mechanical stretch modulates the promoter activity of the profibrotic factor CCN2 through increased actin polymerization and NF-κB activation. J Biol Chem 281(29):20608-20622'' 2006.
6. Estrada CR'' Adam RM'' Eaton SH'' Bägli DJ'' Freeman MR. Inhibition of EGFR signaling abrogates smooth muscle proliferation resulting from sustained distension of the urinary bladder. Lab Invest 86(12):1293-1302'' 2006.
7. Galvin DJ'' Watson RW'' Gillespie JI'' Brady H'' Fitzpatrick JM. Mechanical stretch regulates cell survival in human bladder smooth muscle cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283(6):F1192-F1199'' 2002.
8. Halachmi S'' Aitken KJ'' Szybowska M'' Sabha N'' Dessouki S'' Lorenzo A'' Tse D'' Bagli DJ. Role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in stretch injury to bladder smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 326(1):149-158'' 2006.
9. Hubschmid U'' Leong-Morgenthaler PM'' Basset-Dardare A'' Ruault S'' Frey P. In vitro growth of human urinary tract smooth muscle cells on laminin and collagen type I-coated membranes under static and dynamic conditions. Tissue Engineering 11(1-2):161-171'' 2005.
10. Kushida N'' Kabuyama Y'' Yamaguchi O'' Homma Y. Essential role for extracellular Ca2+ in JNK activation by mechanical stretch in bladder smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281(4):C1165-C1172'' 2001.
11. Nguyen HT'' Adam RM'' Bride SH'' Park JM'' Peters CA'' Freeman MR. Cyclic stretch activates p38 SAPK2-'' ErbB2-'' and AT1-dependent signaling in bladder smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279(4):C1155-C1167'' 2000.
12. Orsola A'' Adam RM'' Peters CA'' Freeman MR. The decision to undergo DNA or protein synthesis is determined by the degree of mechanical deformation in human bladder muscle cells. Urology 59(5):779-783'' 2002.
FLEXCELL® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
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13. Orsola A'' Estrada CR'' Nguyen HT'' Retik AB'' Freeman MR'' Peters CA'' Adam RM. Growth and stretch response of human exstrophy bladder smooth muscle cells: molecular evidence of normal intrinsic function. BJU Int 95(1):144-148'' 2005.
14. Park JM'' Adam RM'' Peters CA'' Guthrie PD'' Sun Z'' Klagsbrun M'' Freeman MR. AP-1 mediates stretch-induced expression of HB-EGF in bladder smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 277:C294-C301'' 1999.
15. Park JM'' Borer JG'' Freeman MR'' Peters CA. Stretch activates heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor expression in bladder smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 275:C1247-C1254'' 1998.
16. Park JM'' Yang T'' Arend LJ'' Schnermann JB'' Peters CA'' Freeman MR'' Briggs JP. Obstruction stimulates COX-2 expression in bladder smooth muscle cells via increased mechanical stretch. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 276:F129-F136'' 1999.
17. Persson K'' Sando JJ'' Tuttle JB'' Steers WD. Protein kinase C in cyclic stretch-induced nerve growth factor production by urinary tract smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 269:C1018-C1024'' 1995.
18. Steers WD'' Broder SR'' Persson K'' Bruns DE'' Ferguson JE 2nd'' Bruns ME'' Tuttle JB. Mechanical stretch increases secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by cultured bladder smooth muscle cells. J Urol 160(3 Pt 1):908-912'' 1998.
19. Upadhyay J'' Aitken KJ'' Damdar C'' Bolduc S'' Bagli DJ. Integrins expressed with bladder extracellular matrix after stretch injury in vivo mediate bladder smooth muscle cell growth in vitro. J Urol 169(2):750-755'' 2003.
20. Yang R'' Amir J'' Liu H'' Chaqour B. Mechanical strain activates a program of genes functionally involved in paracrine signaling of angiogenesis. Physiol Genomics 36(1):1-14'' 2008. Epub 2008 Oct 14.
FX-5000T细胞牵张拉伸应力加载系统(Flexcell FX5000 Tension system)
1）该系统对二维、三维细胞和组织提供轴向和圆周应力加载；
2）基于柔性膜基底变形、受力均匀;
3）可实时观察细胞、组织在应力作用下的反应;
4）可有选择性地封阻对细胞的应力加载;
5）同时兼备多通道细胞压力加载功能;
6）与Flex Flow平行板流室配套，可以在牵拉细胞的同时施加流体切应力;
7）多达4通道，可4个不同程序同时运行，进行多个不同拉伸形变率对比实验；
8）同一程序中可以运行多种频率，多种振幅和多种波形；
9）更好地控制在超低或超高应力下的波形；<
10）多种波形种类：静态波形、正旋波形、心动波形、三角波形、矩形以及各种特制波形；
11)电脑系统对牵张拉伸力加载周期、大小、频率、持续时间精确智能调控
应用范围：加载分析各种细胞在应力刺激下的生物化学反应:
